524 research outputs found
Definition and composition of motor primitives using latent force models and hidden Markov models
In this work a different probabilistic motor primitive parameterization is proposed using latent force models (LFMs). The sequential composition of different motor primitives is also addressed using hidden Markov models (HMMs) which allows to capture the redundancy over dynamics by using a limited set of hidden primitives. The capability of the proposed model to learn and identify motor primitive occurrences over unseen movement realizations is validated using synthetic and motion capture data
Single-molecule studies of conformational states and dynamics in the ABC importer OpuA
The current model of active transport via ABC importers is mostly based on structural, biochemical and genetic data. We here establish single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) assays to monitor the conformational states and heterogeneity of the osmoregulatory type I ABC importer OpuA from Lactococcus~lactis. We present data probing both intradomain distances that elucidate conformational changes within the substrate-binding domain (SBD) OpuAC, and interdomain distances between SBDs or transmembrane domains. Using this methodology, we studied ligand-binding mechanisms, as well as ATP and glycine betaine dependences of conformational changes. Our work expands the scope of smFRET investigations towards a class of so far unstudied ABC importers, and paves the way for a full understanding of their transport cycle in the future
Marimba:A tool for verifying properties of hidden markov models
The formal verification of properties of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) is
highly desirable for gaining confidence in the correctness of the model and the
corresponding system. A significant step towards HMM verification was the
development by Zhang et al. of a family of logics for verifying HMMs, called
POCTL*, and its model checking algorithm. As far as we know, the verification
tool we present here is the first one based on Zhang et al.'s approach. As an
example of its effective application, we verify properties of a handover task
in the context of human-robot interaction. Our tool was implemented in Haskell,
and the experimental evaluation was performed using the humanoid robot Bert2.Comment: Tool paper accepted in the 13th International Symposium on Automated
Technology for Verification and Analysis (ATVA 2015
Generalized iterated wreath products of cyclic groups and rooted trees correspondence
Consider the generalized iterated wreath product where . We
prove that the irreducible representations for this class of groups are indexed
by a certain type of rooted trees. This provides a Bratteli diagram for the
generalized iterated wreath product, a simple recursion formula for the number
of irreducible representations, and a strategy to calculate the dimension of
each irreducible representation. We calculate explicitly fast Fourier
transforms (FFT) for this class of groups, giving literature's fastest FFT
upper bound estimate.Comment: 15 pages, to appear in Advances in the Mathematical Science
FIBS: A Generic Framework for Classifying Interval-based Temporal Sequences
We study the problem of classifying interval-based temporal sequences
(IBTSs). Since common classification algorithms cannot be directly applied to
IBTSs, the main challenge is to define a set of features that effectively
represents the data such that classifiers can be applied. Most prior work
utilizes frequent pattern mining to define a feature set based on discovered
patterns. However, frequent pattern mining is computationally expensive and
often discovers many irrelevant patterns. To address this shortcoming, we
propose the FIBS framework for classifying IBTSs. FIBS extracts features
relevant to classification from IBTSs based on relative frequency and temporal
relations. To avoid selecting irrelevant features, a filter-based selection
strategy is incorporated into FIBS. Our empirical evaluation on eight
real-world datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of our methods in practice.
The results provide evidence that FIBS effectively represents IBTSs for
classification algorithms, which contributes to similar or significantly better
accuracy compared to state-of-the-art competitors. It also suggests that the
feature selection strategy is beneficial to FIBS's performance.Comment: In: Big Data Analytics and Knowledge Discovery. DaWaK 2020. Springer,
Cha
Bio-Inspired Multi-Layer Spiking Neural Network Extracts Discriminative Features from Speech Signals
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) enable power-efficient implementations due to
their sparse, spike-based coding scheme. This paper develops a bio-inspired SNN
that uses unsupervised learning to extract discriminative features from speech
signals, which can subsequently be used in a classifier. The architecture
consists of a spiking convolutional/pooling layer followed by a fully connected
spiking layer for feature discovery. The convolutional layer of leaky,
integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons represents primary acoustic features. The
fully connected layer is equipped with a probabilistic spike-timing-dependent
plasticity learning rule. This layer represents the discriminative features
through probabilistic, LIF neurons. To assess the discriminative power of the
learned features, they are used in a hidden Markov model (HMM) for spoken digit
recognition. The experimental results show performance above 96% that compares
favorably with popular statistical feature extraction methods. Our results
provide a novel demonstration of unsupervised feature acquisition in an SNN
Gaussian Process Pseudo-Likelihood Models for Sequence Labeling
Several machine learning problems arising in natural language processing can
be modeled as a sequence labeling problem. We provide Gaussian process models
based on pseudo-likelihood approximation to perform sequence labeling. Gaussian
processes (GPs) provide a Bayesian approach to learning in a kernel based
framework. The pseudo-likelihood model enables one to capture long range
dependencies among the output components of the sequence without becoming
computationally intractable. We use an efficient variational Gaussian
approximation method to perform inference in the proposed model. We also
provide an iterative algorithm which can effectively make use of the
information from the neighboring labels to perform prediction. The ability to
capture long range dependencies makes the proposed approach useful for a wide
range of sequence labeling problems. Numerical experiments on some sequence
labeling data sets demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
A comparative review of dynamic neural networks and hidden Markov model methods for mobile on-device speech recognition
The adoption of high-accuracy speech recognition algorithms without an effective evaluation of their impact on the target computational resource is impractical for mobile and embedded systems. In this paper, techniques are adopted to minimise the required computational resource for an effective mobile-based speech recognition system. A Dynamic Multi-Layer Perceptron speech recognition technique, capable of running in real time on a state-of-the-art mobile device, has been introduced. Even though a conventional hidden Markov model when applied to the same dataset slightly outperformed our approach, its processing time is much higher. The Dynamic Multi-layer Perceptron presented here has an accuracy level of 96.94% and runs significantly faster than similar techniques
Haplotype inference based on Hidden Markov Models in the QTL-MAS 2010 multi-generational dataset
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have previously demonstrated an approach for efficient computation of genotype probabilities, and more generally probabilities of allele inheritance in inbred as well as outbred populations. That work also included an extension for haplotype inference, or phasing, using Hidden Markov Models. Computational phasing of multi-thousand marker datasets has not become common as of yet. In this communication, we further investigate the method presented earlier for such problems, in a multi-generational dataset simulated for QTL detection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>When analyzing the dataset simulated for the 14th QTLMAS workshop, the phasing produced showed zero deviations compared to original simulated phase in the founder generation. In total, 99.93% of all markers were correctly phased. 97.68% of the individuals were correct in all markers over all 5 simulated chromosomes. Results were produced over a weekend on a small computational cluster. The specific algorithmic adaptations needed for the Markov model training approach in order to reach convergence are described.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our method provides efficient, near-perfect haplotype inference allowing the determination of completely phased genomes in dense pedigrees. These developments are of special value for applications where marker alleles are not corresponding directly to QTL alleles, thus necessitating tracking of allele origin, and in complex multi-generational crosses. The cnF2freq codebase, which is in a current state of active development, is available under a BSD-style license.</p
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